Late effects of cancer treatment are those that are ‘absent or subclinical at the end of therapy and … appear months to years after the completion of treatment’ (Aziz 2007: 55). They are different from long-term effects, which begin during and continue after treatment. Some effects, such as lymphoedema, fatigue, cognitive problems and peripheral neuropathy, are classified by some researchers as late effects and by others as long-term effects.